Any serious study of the U.S. Constitution necessarily begins with the records that chronicle the arguments and rationales that went into the framing of our Constitution. The sources below form the nucleus of American constitutional history.
Farrand, Max, ed. The Records of the Federal Convention. 4 vols. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1911; 1987. 
Hamilton, Alexander, John Jay, and James Madison. The Federalist. Gideon ed. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, 2001.
Elliot, Jonathan, ed. The Debates in the Several State Conventions on the Adoption of the Federal Constitution. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: J.B. Lippincott, 1891; Buffalo, NY: William S. Hein, 1996.